TABLE 35-4
Human Cytokines (Interleukins, Interferons, Other Cytokines)
Name
Mol Wt
kDA
Sources
Effects on Cells
Interleukins
IL-1
Activated macrophages
Activation of T cells and macrophages, general inflammatory effect,
a
18
promotes synthesis of acute-phase proteins in hepatocytes, fever, increased
ß
17
IL-2 release, differentiation, proliferation of antigen-stimulated cells
IL-2
18
Helper CD4T cells (Thl)
Activation of NK cells, binds to activated T cells, increased IL-2 receptors, increased
IL-2 release, promotes proliferation, growth and differentiation leading to antibody
secretion
IL-3
15
Activated T cells, mast cells
Growth of multi-potential stem cells, myeloid, erythroid, mast cells
IL-4
14.9
CD4 T cells (Th2 cells),
mast cells, eosinophils,
basophils
Increases MHC Class II expression on macrophages, promotes mast cell
proliferation, promotes hematopoietic precursors, isotype switching in IgGl
and IgE, T cell proliferation, activation of B cells from resting state, increased
MHC Class II expression, proliferation in presence of Ag, increased IL-2R
receptor expression
IL-5
26
CD4 (Th2) cells, mast cells,
eosinophils
Eosinophil differentiation and proliferation, production of IgM and IgA,
increased IL-2 receptors, increased IgA secretion
IL
- 6
17
IL-1 stimulated cells, CD4
(Th2) cells, monocytes,
macrophages
Synthesis of acute-phase proteins by hepatocytes, synergistic with IL-3 on
multipotential stem cells, growth and differentiation of T cells, differentiation
to antibody secretion
IL-7
17
Stromal cells, thymus
Regulates early T cell progenitors, regulates early B cell progenitors,
CD4 and CD
8
cells
IL
- 8
8
Monocytes, macrophages
Promotes chemotaxis and granule release by neutrophils, basophils, T cells
IL-9
14
T, B cells, macrophages
Mitogenic for myeloid cells, supports antigen-independent growth of helper T cells
IL-10
18.6
CD4 T cells, macrophages
Inhibits interferon secretion, induces thymocyte proliferation in presence of
other IL’s, inhibits Thl cytokine production
IL-11
19.1
Stromal cells
Induction of synthesis of acute phase proteins, enhances stimulation of
hematopoietic cell proliferation by IL-3 and T-cell development of B cells
IL-12
75
Macrophages, dendritic
cells (B cells, rarely)
Activates NK cells, stimulates production of IFN-a by Thl cells
IL-13
1 0
1
cells
Inhibits mononuclear phagocyte inflammation, promotes growth and
differentiation, similar to IL-4
(c o n tin u e d )
